Phrase (usually used in formal writing and formal speech) (Advanced ㊤ 753)
A phrase meaning “without doing something”.
Equivalent: Without ~ing; before (~ing); with no ~; if ~ do not; when ~ do not
| Vnegative | ずして | Exception: する→せずして |
| 待たずして | Without waiting | |
| 練習せずして | Without practicing |
